Dec/
1:
ROSA PARKS IGNITES BUS BOYCOTT:
December 1, 1955
In Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks is jailed for refusing to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man, a violation of the city's racial segregation laws.
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Dec/
2:
MCCARTHY CONDEMNED BY SENATE:
December 2, 1954
The U.S. Senate votes 65 to 22 to condemn Senator Joseph R. McCarthy for conduct unbecoming of a senator.
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Dec/
3:
FIRST HUMAN HEART TRANSPLANT:
December 3, 1967
On December 3, 1967, 53-year-old Lewis Washkansky receives the first human heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.
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Dec/
4:
BUSH ORDERS U.S. TROOPS TO SOMALIA:
December 4, 1992
President George H. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia, a war-torn East African nation where rival warlords were preventing the distribution of humanitarian aid to thousands of starving Somalis.
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Dec/
5:
PROHIBITION ENDS:
December 5, 1933
The 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified, repealing the 18th Amendment and bringing an end to the era of national prohibition of alcohol in America. At 5:32 p.m. EST, Utah became the 36th state to ratify the amendment, achieving the requisite three-fourths majority of states' approval.
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Dec/
6:
IRISH FREE STATE DECLARED:
December 6, 1921
The Irish Free State, comprising four-fifths of Ireland, is declared, ending a five-year Irish struggle for independence from Britain.
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Dec/
7:
PEARL HARBOR BOMBED:
December 7, 1941
At 7:55 a.m. Hawaii time, a Japanese dive bomber bearing the red symbol of the Rising Sun of Japan on its wings appears out of the clouds above the island of Oahu.
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Dec/
8:
JOHN LENNON SHOT:
December 8, 1980
John Lennon, a former member of the Beatles, the rock group that transformed popular music in the 1960s, is shot and killed by an obsessed fan in New York City.
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Dec/
9:
INTIFADA BEGINS ON GAZA STRIP:
December 9, 1987
In the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip, the first riots of the Palestinian intifada, or "shaking off" in Arabic, begin one day after an Israeli truck crashed into a station wagon carrying Palestinian workers in the Jabalya refugee district of Gaza, killing four and wounding 10.
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Dec/
10:
FIRST NOBEL PRIZES:
December 10, 1901
The first Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace.
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Dec/
11:
YELTSIN ORDERS RUSSIAN FORCES INTO CHECHNYA:
December 11, 1994
In the largest Russian military offensive since the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan, thousands of troops and hundreds of tanks pour into the breakaway Russian republic of Chechnya.
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Dec/
12:
MARCONI SENDS FIRST ATLANTIC WIRELESS TRANSMISSION:
December 12, 1901
Italian physicist and radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi succeeds in sending the first radio transmission across the Atlantic Ocean, disproving detractors who told him that the curvature of the earth would limit transmission to 200 miles or less.
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Dec/
13:
DRAKE SETS OUT:
December 13, 1577
English seaman Francis Drake sets out from Plymouth, England, with five ships and 164 men on a mission to raid Spanish holdings on the Pacific coast of the New World and explore the Pacific Ocean. Three years later, Drake's return to Plymouth marked the first circumnavigation of the earth by a British explorer.
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Dec/
14:
AMUNDSEN REACHES SOUTH POLE:
December 14, 1911
Norwegian Roald Amundsen becomes the first explorer to reach the South Pole, beating his British rival, Robert Falcon Scott.
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Dec/
15:
BILL OF RIGHTS BECOMES LAW:
December 15, 1791
Following ratification by the state of Virginia, the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, become the law of the land.
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Dec/
15:
Events that occurred on this day:
1961 Architect of the Holocaust sentenced to die
1973 Billionaire's kidnapped grandson found in Italy
1941 Strikes Ruled Out By Labor
1864 Battle of Nashville, Tennessee
1978 United States announces that it will recognize communist China
1988 James Brown begins his prison sentence
1966 Walt Disney dies
1936 George Orwell delivers the manuscript for The Road to Wigan Pier
1890 Sitting Bull killed by Indian police
1969 Nixon announces additional U.S. troop withdrawals
1995 Trading on NYSE Hits New Mark
1945 MacArthur orders end of Shinto as Japanese state religion
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Dec/
16:
BATTLE OF THE BULGE BEGINS:
December 16, 1944
With the Anglo-Americans closing in on Germany from the west and the Soviets approaching from the east, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler orders a massive attack against the western Allies by three German armies.
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Dec/
16:
Events that occurred on this day:
1773 The Boston Tea Party
1811 Earthquake rocks the American wilderness
1920 Earthquake devastates Gansu province of China
1971 Pakistani forces defeated in Bangladesh
1949 Swedish Carmaker Debuts
1863 Johnston named commander of Army of Tennessee
1950 Truman declares state of emergency
1989 A terrorist bomber begins his deadly rampage
1913 Charles Chaplin starts work at Keystone
1775 Jane Austen's birthday
1826 Edwards declares the Texas Republic of Fredonia
1972 Kissinger announces that North Vietnamese left negotiations
1982 Operating Capacity of Factories Plummets
1944 Battle of the Bulge
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Dec/
17:
FIRST AIRPLANE FLIES:
December 17, 1903
Near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first successful flight in history of a self-propelled, heavier-than-air aircraft.
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Dec/
17:
Events that occurred on this day:
1944 U.S. approves end to internment of Japanese Americans
1975 "Squeaky" Fromme sentenced to life
1990 Aristide wins Haiti's first free election
1996 Peruvian rebels seize Japanese ambassador's home
1979 Car Breaks Sound Barrier
1862 Grant expels the Jews from his department
1991 Yeltsin supporters announce Soviet Union will cease to exist by New Year's Eve
1986 "Operation Iceman" nabs the culprit
1936 Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy debut on radio
1843 "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens is published on this day
1889 "Silver Dollar" Tabor born in Denver
1971 Cambodian forces under heavy pressure
1983 Another Round of Reagan Tax Reform
1941 Commander at Pearl Harbor canned
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Dec/
18:
SLAVERY ABOLISHED IN AMERICA:
December 18, 1865
Following its ratification by the requisite three-quarters of the states earlier in the month, the 13th Amendment is formally adopted into the U.S. Constitution, ensuring that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude. . . .shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
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Dec/
18:
Events that occurred on this day:
1912 Piltdown Man discovered
1916 Battle of Verdun ends
1898 Official Land Speed Record Set
1862 Battle of Lexington, Tennessee
1972 Nixon announces start of "Christmas Bombing" of North Vietnam
1878 The death of Molly-ism
1946 Steven Spielberg born
1870 Short story writer H.H. Munro is born in Burma
1888 Wetherill and Mason discover Mesa Verde
1972 Nixon orders the initiation of Operation Linebacker II
1987 Boesky Sentenced
1941 Japan invades Hong Kong
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Dec/
19:
BRITAIN TO RETURN HONG KONG:
December 19, 1984
In the Hall of the People in Beijing, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang sign an agreement committing Britain to return Hong Kong to China in 1997 in return for terms guaranteeing a 50-year extension of its capitalist system.
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Dec/
19:
Events that occurred on this day:
1777 Continental Army enters winter camp at Valley Forge
1972 Last lunar-landing mission ends
1998 President Clinton impeached
1924 A Famous Ghost Vanishes
1817 James Archer born
1986 Gorbachev releases Sakharov from internal exile
1978 A funky smell leads to the capture of a killer
1915 Edith Piaf born
1732 Poor Richard's Almanack is published
1964 John Ford's Cheyenne Autumn released
1972 North Vietnam condemns Linebacker raids
1983 Greyhound Strike Settled
1941 Hitler takes command of the German army
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Dec/
20:
HO CHI MINH FIGHTS FRENCH:
December 20, 1946
The morning after Viet Minh forces under Ho Chi Minh launched a night revolt in the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi, French colonial troops crack down on the communist rebels.
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Dec/
20:
Events that occurred on this day:
1989 The U.S. invades Panama
1995 NATO assumes peacekeeping duties in Bosnia
1892 Inflatable Wheels
1862 Raid on Holly Springs, Mississippi
1963 Berlin Wall opened for first time
1980 Sunny von Bulow is found comatose
1932 Al Jolson records "April Showers"
1579 John Fletcher is baptized
1803 The French surrender Orleans to the U.S.
1960 National Liberation Front formed
1968 Treasury Secretaryıs Reign Ends
1941 Hitler to Halder: No retreat!
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Dec/
21:
DE GAULLE ELECTED:
December 21, 1958
Three months after a new French constitution was approved, Charles de Gaulle is elected the first president of the Fifth Republic by a sweeping majority of French voters.
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Dec/
21:
Events that occurred on this day:
1968 Apollo 8 departs for moon's orbit
1975 Carlos the Jackal attacks OPEC headquarters
1979 U.S. Government Rescues Chrysler
1861 Trent crisis escalates
1991 Soviet republics proclaim the Commonwealth of Independent States
1988 Pan Am Flight 103 explodes over Lockerbie
1967 Rolling Stones release a new album
1799 William Wordsworth moves into Dove Cottage
1866 Indians massacre Fetterman and eighty soldiers
1969 Thailand announces plans to withdraw troops
1988 Drexel Burnham Pleads Guilty to Securities Fraud
1945 "Old Blood and Guts" dies
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Dec/
22:
WALDHEIM ELECTED U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL:
December 22, 1971
The United Nations General Assembly votes to ratify the U.N. Security Council's nomination of Austrian diplomat Kurt Waldheim to lead the U.N.
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Dec/
22:
Events that occurred on this day:
1894 Dreyfus affair begins in France
1984 The Bernhard Goetz subway shooting
1989 Romanian government falls
1973 Americans Must Drive 55
1864 Sherman presents Lincoln with a Christmas gift
1990 Lech Walesa sworn in as president of Poland
1964 A famously controversial comedian is convicted for obscenity
1949 Robin and Maurice Gibb born
1849 Dostoevsky reprieved at last minute
1884 John Chisum dies in Arkansas
1972 Washington announces Linebacker II raids will continue
1807 Jeffersonıs Embargo Act
1941 Churchill and Roosevelt discuss war and peace
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Dec/
23:
VOYAGER COMPLETES GLOBAL FLIGHT:
December 23, 1986
After nine days and four minutes in the sky, the experimental aircraft Voyager lands at Edwards Air Force Base in California, completing the first nonstop flight around the globe on one load of fuel.
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Dec/
23:
Events that occurred on this day:
1620 Construction of Plymouth settlement begins
1948 Japanese war criminals hanged in Tokyo
1982 Gas Tax Hike
1862 Davis declares Butler a felon
1968 Crew of USS Pueblo released by North Korea
1984 Bernard Goetz goes on the lam
1930 Bette Davis signs with Universal
1912 French magazine rejects Remembrance of Things Past
1829 Prince Wurttemberg explores the West
1972 Operation Linebacker II continues
1913 Federal Reserve Act Approved
1944 The execution of Eddie Slovik is authorized
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Dec/
24:
WAR OF 1812 ENDS:
December 24, 1814
The Treaty of Peace and Amity between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America is signed by British and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium, ending the War of 1812.
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Dec/
24:
Events that occurred on this day:
1851 Fire ravages Library of Congress
1865 KKK founded
1801 Steam Propels Carriage In Cornwall
1864 Bombardment of Fort Fisher begins
1952 McCarren-Walter Act goes into effect
1994 Islamic terrorists hijack a French plane
1922 Ava Gardner born
1881 Nobel Prize winning poet Juan Ramon Jimynez is born
1809 Kit Carson born in Kentucky
1972 Bob Hope gives his last show in Vietnam
1905 Happy Birthday, Mr. Hughes
1942 French Admiral Jean Darlan is assassinated
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Dec/
25:
MERRY CHRISTMAS:
CHRIST IS BORN:
December 25, 6 B.C.
Although most Christians celebrate December 25 as the birthday of Jesus Christ, few in the first two Christian centuries claimed any knowledge of the exact day or year in which he was born. The oldest existing record of a Christmas celebration is found in a Roman almanac that tells of a Christ's Nativity festival led by the church of Rome in 336 A.D. The precise reason why Christmas came to be celebrated on December 25 remains obscure, but most researchers believe that Christmas originated as a Christian substitute for pagan celebrations of the winter solstice.
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Dec/
25:
Events that occurred on this day:
1776 Washington crosses the Delaware
1914 The Christmas Truce
1985 Because No Extension Cord Is That Long
1862 Christmas for Union soldier Elisha Hunt Rhodes
1991 Gorbachev resigns as president of the USSR
1996 Young JonBenet Ramsey is murdered
1938 Leigh cast as Scarlett
1996 Jimmy Buffett departs on a cruise that inspires A Pirate Looks at Fifty
1869 John Wesley Hardin kills over a card game
1972 Linebacker II resumes after Christmas pause
1992 A Good Shopping Season
1941 British surrender Hong Kong
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Dec/
26:
JACK JOHNSON WINS HEAVYWEIGHT TITLE:
December 26, 1908
Jack Johnson becomes the first African American to win the world heavyweight title when he knocks out Canadian Tommy Burns in the 14th round in a championship bout near Sydney, Australia. Johnson, who held the heavyweight title until 1915, was reviled by whites for his defiance of the "Jim Crow" racial conventions of early 20th-century America.
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Dec/
26:
Events that occurred on this day:
1941 Churchill addresses Congress
1966 The first Kwanzaa
1985 Ford Turns Things Around
1860 Mason and Slidell freed
1955 Porgy and Bess opens in Leningrad
1610 Bathory's torturous escapades are exposed
1974 Jack Benny dies
1606 King Lear performed at Court
1820 Moses Austin asks Spanish for Texas colony
1971 U.S. jets strike North Vietnam
1833 Bank of the U.S. Controversy
1943 Britain surprises German attacker in the Arctic
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Dec/
27:
RADIO CITY MUSIC HALL OPENS:
December 27, 1932
At the height of the Great Depression, thousands turn out for the opening of Radio City Music Hall, a magnificent Art Deco theater in New York City.
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Dec/
27:
Events that occurred on this day:
1831 HMS Beagle departs England
1968 Apollo 8 returns to Earth
1978 Spanish king ratifies democratic constitution
1951 Driving Right In the Postal Service
1864 Hood's army crosses the Tennessee River
1979 Soviets take over in Afghanistan
1922 A deadly package bomb is opened
1927 Show Boat opens
1904 Peter Pan, by James Barrie, opens in London
1846 Doniphan's Thousand take El Paso
1966 U.S. and South Vietnamese troops attack Viet Cong stronghold
1943 FDR Helps Avert Rail Strike
1942 Germans form the Smolensk Committee to enlist Soviet soldiers
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Dec/
28:
WORST EUROPEAN EARTHQUAKE:
December 28, 1908
At dawn, the most destructive earthquake in recorded European history strikes the Straits of Messina in southern Italy, leveling the cities of Messina in Sicily and Reggio di Calabria on the Italian mainland. More Information
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Dec/
28:
Events that occurred on this day:
1895 Motion pictures shown
1832 Calhoun resigns vice presidency
1869 America's first Labor Day
1989 Dubcek returns to public office
1954 Slow Demise Of The Hudson Hornet
1822 William Booth Taliaferro born
1973 Solzhenitsyn's The Gulag Archipelago published
1793 An American hero is arrested in France
1947 Wynonie Harris records "Good Rockin' Tonight"
1932 Argentine novelist Manuel Puig is born
1900 Carry Nation attacks a Kansas saloon
1972 Hanoi announces return to the Paris peace talks
1929 Birth of a Top UAW Official
1941 Request made for creation of construction battalions
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Dec/
29:
WORST AIR RAID ON LONDON:
December 29, 1940
On the evening of December 29, 1940, London suffers its most devastating air raid when Germans firebomb the city.
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Dec/
29:
Events that occurred on this day:
1170 The making of an English martyr
1845 Texas enters the Union
1800 Good Year For A Goodyear
1862 Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs
1956 United States prepares new strategic plan for Middle East
1985 The "Railway Rapist" commits his first murder
1967 Paul Whiteman dies
1916 Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is published
1890 U.S. Army massacres Sioux at Wounded Knee
1966 Johnson Administration responds to Harrison Salisbury's charges
1950 Passage of Celler-Kefauver Anti-merger Act
1940 Germans raid London
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Dec/
30:
MARCOS INAUGURATED:
December 30, 1965
Former Philippines Senate president Ferdinand Marcos is inaugurated president of the Southeast Asian archipelago nation. Marcos' regime would span 20 years and become increasingly authoritarian and corrupt.
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Dec/
30:
Events that occurred on this day:
1853 Southern U.S. border established
1916 Rasputin murdered
1922 USSR established
1905 Frenchman Is Fastest
1862 U.S.S. Monitor sinks
1950 Acheson calls for renewed effort to meet communist threat
1994 An anti-abortion activist goes on a murder spree
1985 Rick Nelson dies in plane crash
1816 Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin wed
1905 Former Idaho governor Steunenberg assassinated
1972 Negotiations to resume in Paris
1936 Permission to Form UAW
1884 Tojo is born
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Dec/
31:
EDISON DEMONSTRATES INCANDESCENT LIGHT:
December 31, 1879
In the first public demonstration of his incandescent lightbulb, American inventor Thomas Alva Edison lights up a street in Menlo Park, New Jersey.
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Dec/
31:
Events that occurred on this day:
1600 Charter granted to the East India Company
1775 Patriots defeated at Quebec
1968 Soviets test supersonic airliner
1909 Manhattan Bridge Opens
1862 Battle of Parker's Crossroads
1978 United States ends official relations with Nationalist China
1922 The Rosewood attacks begin
1969 Jimi Hendrix's new band debuts
1972 Pete Hamill quits drinking
1943 John Denver born in New Mexico
1968 Bloodiest year of the war ends
1933 Treasury Secretary Steps Down
1944 Hungary declares war on Germany
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